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如何解决MySQL的master-slave模式中ReplicationDriver的使用问题

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前言:
之前downpour有一个贴(http://www.iteye.com/topic/143714)讨论了在java中如何使用mysql的master-slave模式(master-slave模式的介绍见Qieqie的这个贴:http://www.iteye.com/topic/162717),其中readonly大大提到我们可以使用ReplicationDriver来从connection层把read或者write操作分开。这确实是一个比较好的方案,在那个帖子讨论后不久,我就在自己的机器上搭了一个mysql的master-slave模式,然后使用ReplicationDriver来控制读写访问不同的机器,测试通过了,事隔几个月之后,我准备把它用于生产环境中,但是问题来了,因为我的应用访问的数据库有多个,主要访问的库是master-slave模式,其他辅助库是就是指定的一台机器,这时候问题来了。

Mysql的文档是这么写的:ReplicationDriver does not currently work with java.sql.DriverManager -based connection creation unless it is the only MySQL JDBC driver registered with the DriverManager . DriverManager是一个单例模式,一个DriverManager只能注册一个ReplicationDriver驱动,也就是说ReplicationDriver和Driver两个类不能同时使用,郁闷,及其郁闷,由于我之前没有仔细看这段说明,所以没有预料到这种情况。摆在前面的路有几条

一,使用多个datasource解决问题,
二,所有得datasource都使用这个驱动,但是这样做有一个缺点,在文章后面我会详细阐述这种做法得缺点。
三,扩展再扩展,hack再hack。
四,这种方案是第二种方案的补充,详见后文。

首先,我们来看一下ReplicationDriver的官方使用教程:
Java代码
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
    ReplicationDriver driver = new ReplicationDriver();  
 
    Properties props = new Properties();  
 
    // We want this for failover on the slaves  
    props.put("autoReconnect", "true");  
 
    // We want to load balance between the slaves  
    props.put("roundRobinLoadBalance", "true");  
 
    props.put("user", "foo");  
    props.put("password", "bar");  
 
    //  
    // Looks like a normal MySQL JDBC url, with a  
    // comma-separated list of hosts, the first   
    // being the 'master', the rest being any number  
    // of slaves that the driver will load balance against  
    //  
 
    Connection conn =  
        driver.connect("jdbc:mysql://master,slave1,slave2,slave3/test",  
            props);  
 
    //  
    // Perform read/write work on the master  
    // by setting the read-only flag to "false"  
    //  
 
  //这个节点应该是通过spring的事务管理来设置,同时这个conn对象应该不是一个真正的connection,  
        //而是一个代理类,通过设置readonly,代理类会去使用不同的connection,  
        //那么问题是它该代理类使用的connection是哪里取的,抑或说难道它每次都会新开一个connection?,需要看源代码  
          
conn.setReadOnly(false);  
 
    conn.setAutoCommit(false);  
    conn.createStatement().executeUpdate("UPDATE some_table ....");  
    conn.commit();  
 
    //  
    // Now, do a query from a slave, the driver automatically picks one  
    // from the list  
    //  
 
    conn.setReadOnly(true);  
 
    ResultSet rs =   
      conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT a,b FROM alt_table");  
 
     .......  
  } 

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ReplicationDriver driver = new ReplicationDriver();

    Properties props = new Properties();

    // We want this for failover on the slaves
    props.put("autoReconnect", "true");

    // We want to load balance between the slaves
    props.put("roundRobinLoadBalance", "true");

    props.put("user", "foo");
    props.put("password", "bar");

    //
    // Looks like a normal MySQL JDBC url, with a
    // comma-separated list of hosts, the first
    // being the 'master', the rest being any number
    // of slaves that the driver will load balance against
    //

    Connection conn =
        driver.connect("jdbc:mysql://master,slave1,slave2,slave3/test",
            props);

    //
    // Perform read/write work on the master
    // by setting the read-only flag to "false"
    //

  //这个节点应该是通过spring的事务管理来设置,同时这个conn对象应该不是一个真正的connection,
    //而是一个代理类,通过设置readonly,代理类会去使用不同的connection,
    //那么问题是它该代理类使用的connection是哪里取的,抑或说难道它每次都会新开一个connection?,需要看源代码
   
conn.setReadOnly(false);

    conn.setAutoCommit(false);
    conn.createStatement().executeUpdate("UPDATE some_table ....");
    conn.commit();

    //
    // Now, do a query from a slave, the driver automatically picks one
    // from the list
    //

    conn.setReadOnly(true);

    ResultSet rs =
      conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT a,b FROM alt_table");

     .......
  }
这个示例看上去非常之简单,我们可以很容易的就通过ReplicationDriver拿到了一个Connection,首先,对于我们来说,conn.setReadOnly对我们来说这个方法应该是通过spring的事务管理来设置,同时这个conn对象应该不是一个真正的connection,而是一个代理类,通过设置readonly,代理类会去使用不同的connection,那么问题是它该代理类使用的connection是哪里取的,抑或说难道它每次都会新开一个connection?,这就需要看源代码

那么现在我们要弄清楚ReplicationDriver是怎么回事,反编译之后我们看到:
Java代码
public ReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {  
    }  
 
    static {  
        try {  
            DriverManager.registerDriver(new NonRegisteringReplicationDriver());  
        } catch (SQLException E) {  
            throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");  
        }  
    } 

public ReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {
}

static {
try {
DriverManager.registerDriver(new NonRegisteringReplicationDriver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}

看来看去,这个类中没有什么东西,那么再看看NonRegisteringReplicationDriver类吧。如下面的代码所示,这个类中主要就是这个方法connect方法

Java代码
public Connection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {  
        Properties parsedProps = parseURL(url, info);  
        if (parsedProps == null) {  
            return null;  
        }  
        Properties masterProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();  
        Properties slavesProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();  
        slavesProps.setProperty("com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationConnection.isSlave",  
                "true");  
          
        String hostValues = parsedProps.getProperty("HOST");  
          
        if (hostValues != null) {  
            StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(hostValues, ",");  
            StringBuffer masterHost = new StringBuffer();  
            StringBuffer slaveHosts = new StringBuffer();  
            if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {  
                String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());  
                if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {  
                    masterHost.append(hostPortPair[0]);  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {  
                    masterHost.append(":");  
                    masterHost.append(hostPortPair[1]);  
                }  
            }  
            boolean firstSlaveHost = true;  
            do {  
                if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {  
                    break;  
                }  
                String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());  
                if (!firstSlaveHost) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(",");  
                } else {  
                    firstSlaveHost = false;  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[0]);  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(":");  
                    slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[1]);  
                }  
            } while (true);  
            if (slaveHosts.length() == 0) {  
                throw SQLError  
                        .createSQLException(  
                                "Must specify at least one slave host to connect to for master/slave replication " 
                                        + "load-balancing functionality",  
                                "01S00");  
            }  
            masterProps.setProperty("HOST", masterHost.toString());  
            slavesProps.setProperty("HOST", slaveHosts.toString());  
        }  
        return new ReplicationConnection(masterProps, slavesProps);  
    } 

public Connection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {
Properties parsedProps = parseURL(url, info);
if (parsedProps == null) {
return null;
}
Properties masterProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();
Properties slavesProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();
slavesProps.setProperty("com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationConnection.isSlave",
"true");

String hostValues = parsedProps.getProperty("HOST");

if (hostValues != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(hostValues, ",");
StringBuffer masterHost = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer slaveHosts = new StringBuffer();
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());
if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {
masterHost.append(hostPortPair[0]);
}
if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {
masterHost.append(":");
masterHost.append(hostPortPair[1]);
}
}
boolean firstSlaveHost = true;
do {
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
break;
}
String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());
if (!firstSlaveHost) {
slaveHosts.append(",");
} else {
firstSlaveHost = false;
}
if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {
slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[0]);
}
if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {
slaveHosts.append(":");
slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[1]);
}
} while (true);
if (slaveHosts.length() == 0) {
throw SQLError
.createSQLException(
"Must specify at least one slave host to connect to for master/slave replication "
+ "load-balancing functionality",
"01S00");
}
masterProps.setProperty("HOST", masterHost.toString());
slavesProps.setProperty("HOST", slaveHosts.toString());
}
return new ReplicationConnection(masterProps, slavesProps);
}

上面这个方法也很简单,就是解析url后,然后访问确定master和slave机器一些properties的配置。越来越接近真相了,继续往下看,让我们掀起ReplicationConnection的头盖来:
先看构造方法:
Java代码
public ReplicationConnection(Properties masterProperties,  
            Properties slaveProperties) throws SQLException {  
        Driver driver = new Driver();  
          
        StringBuffer masterUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");  
        StringBuffer slaveUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");  
        String masterHost = masterProperties.getProperty("HOST");  
        if (masterHost != null) {  
            masterUrl.append(masterHost);  
        }  
        String slaveHost = slaveProperties.getProperty("HOST");  
        if (slaveHost != null) {  
            slaveUrl.append(slaveHost);  
        }  
        String masterDb = masterProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");  
        masterUrl.append("/");  
        if (masterDb != null) {  
            masterUrl.append(masterDb);  
        }  
        String slaveDb = slaveProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");  
        slaveUrl.append("/");  
        if (slaveDb != null) {  
            slaveUrl.append(slaveDb);  
        }  
 
//从这里可以看出,笔者前文提出的猜想是正确的,每一个ReplicationDriver其实是两个Connection的代理,这两个  
        //Connection才是真正访问DB的connection。        masterConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(masterUrl  
                .toString(), masterProperties);  
        slavesConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(slaveUrl  
                .toString(), slaveProperties);  
        currentConnection = masterConnection;  
    } 

public ReplicationConnection(Properties masterProperties,
Properties slaveProperties) throws SQLException {
Driver driver = new Driver();

StringBuffer masterUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");
StringBuffer slaveUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");
String masterHost = masterProperties.getProperty("HOST");
if (masterHost != null) {
masterUrl.append(masterHost);
}
String slaveHost = slaveProperties.getProperty("HOST");
if (slaveHost != null) {
slaveUrl.append(slaveHost);
}
String masterDb = masterProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");
masterUrl.append("/");
if (masterDb != null) {
masterUrl.append(masterDb);
}
String slaveDb = slaveProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");
slaveUrl.append("/");
if (slaveDb != null) {
slaveUrl.append(slaveDb);
}

//从这里可以看出,笔者前文提出的猜想是正确的,每一个ReplicationDriver其实是两个Connection的代理,这两个
//Connection才是真正访问DB的connection。 masterConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(masterUrl
.toString(), masterProperties);
slavesConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(slaveUrl
.toString(), slaveProperties);
currentConnection = masterConnection;
}

这个构造方法没有任何的玄机,从这里也可以看出,那么前文提出的猜想是正确的,每一个ReplicationDriver其实是两个Connection的代理,这两个Connection才是真正访问DB的connection。好了,看到这里看客们大概也看出来了,当调用connection.setReadonly的时候,其实就是把需要的masterConnection或者slavesConnection赋值给当前的currentConnection,ReplicationDriver就是这么个实现,原理也非常简单,那么怎么解决文章中开头提出的那个问题呢。

第一种方案:
改成多个datasource,这种方式是最简单,最粗鲁的,然后我们就可以看到一堆有一堆,一坨又一坨的datasource,然后你还有一堆堆一坨坨的JdbcTemplate,HibernateTemplate,SqlMapClientTemplate,等等。

第二种方案:
第二种方案是所有的驱动都是用ReplicationDriver,有同学问:那怎么行呢,因为我又的datasource不是master-slave模式的。还好,没有什么关系,即使是这样配置jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.1:3306,192.168.1.1:3306/xx也是没有关系的,带来的结果就是一个ReplicationDriver其实hold了两个connection,而这两个connection其实是连着同一个数据库。那么也就是说如果连接池里配置了50个connection,那么实际上却有100个connection连着数据库,这种事情还是比较让人郁闷的。


第三种方案:
看来看去,问题都出现在DriverManager上,如果我新建一个DriverManager,行否,于是新建一个类,名约ReplicationDriverManager。这样系统中就有两个DriverManager了,普通的DriverManager注册的驱动为Driver.java,ReplicationDriverManager注册的驱动为ReplicationDriver。大家互不干扰,貌似可行。粗略的看了一下代码,也是可以实现的,关键在于需要扩展连接池(至少c3p0是这样的,需要重写c3p0的两个类),然后还需要重写一个ReplicationDriver,将静态块中的DriverManager换成我们自己的DriverManager。然后还需要重写ReplicationConnection,Driver类等等,也是非常麻烦的。

想来想去,想破了头了,终于,还是有点头绪,就是在第二种方案的基础上,再次修改ReplicationConnection,也就是说,如果我的配置为jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.1:3306/xx,那么我强行把currentConnection设置为masterConnection,这样ReplicationConnection中的slavesConnection就一直是空着的,或者masterConnection和slavesConnection还有currentConnection这3个引用都指向同一个对象,那么连接池中配置50个连接,那么就是50个连接,不会变成100个连接了,而其他的master-slave模式的配置依旧,这个方式貌似看上去还是不错的。我们看看代码怎么写:
首先,来一个EasyReplicationDriver,代码如下:
Java代码
public class EasyReplicationDriver extends EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver  
        implements Driver {  
 
    public EasyReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {  
    }  
 
    static {  
        try {  
            DriverManager.registerDriver(new EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver());  
        } catch (SQLException E) {  
            throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");  
        }  
    }  


public class EasyReplicationDriver extends EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver
implements Driver {

public EasyReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {
}

static {
try {
DriverManager.registerDriver(new EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
}

接着再来一个EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver,如下:
Java代码
/** 
* @author ahuaxuan(aaron zhang) 
* @since 2008-6-18 
* @version $Id$ 


*/ 
 
public class EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver extends NonRegisteringDriver {  
 
    public EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {  
    }  
 
    public Connection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {  
        Properties parsedProps = parseURL(url, info);  
        if (parsedProps == null) {  
            return null;  
        }  
        Properties masterProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();  
        Properties slavesProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();  
        slavesProps.setProperty("com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationConnection.isSlave",  
                "true");  
          
        String hostValues = parsedProps.getProperty("HOST");  
          
        if (hostValues != null) {  
            StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(hostValues, ",");  
            StringBuffer masterHost = new StringBuffer();  
            StringBuffer slaveHosts = new StringBuffer();  
            if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {  
                String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());  
                if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {  
                    masterHost.append(hostPortPair[0]);  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {  
                    masterHost.append(":");  
                    masterHost.append(hostPortPair[1]);  
                }  
            }  
            boolean firstSlaveHost = true;  
            do {  
                if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {  
                    break;  
                }  
                String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());  
                if (!firstSlaveHost) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(",");  
                } else {  
                    firstSlaveHost = false;  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[0]);  
                }  
                if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {  
                    slaveHosts.append(":");  
                    slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[1]);  
                }  
            } while (true);  
            /*if (slaveHosts.length() == 0) { 
                throw SQLError 
                        .createSQLException( 
                                "Must specify at least one slave host to connect to for master/slave replication " 
                                        + "load-balancing functionality", 
                                "01S00"); 
            }*/ 
            masterProps.setProperty("HOST", masterHost.toString());  
            slavesProps.setProperty("HOST", slaveHosts.toString());  
        }  
        return new EasyReplicationConnection(masterProps, slavesProps);  
    } 

/**
* @author ahuaxuan(aaron zhang)
* @since 2008-6-18
* @version $Id$


*/

public class EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver extends NonRegisteringDriver {

public EasyNonRegisteringReplicationDriver() throws SQLException {
}

public Connection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {
Properties parsedProps = parseURL(url, info);
if (parsedProps == null) {
return null;
}
Properties masterProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();
Properties slavesProps = (Properties) parsedProps.clone();
slavesProps.setProperty("com.mysql.jdbc.ReplicationConnection.isSlave",
"true");

String hostValues = parsedProps.getProperty("HOST");

if (hostValues != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(hostValues, ",");
StringBuffer masterHost = new StringBuffer();
StringBuffer slaveHosts = new StringBuffer();
if (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());
if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {
masterHost.append(hostPortPair[0]);
}
if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {
masterHost.append(":");
masterHost.append(hostPortPair[1]);
}
}
boolean firstSlaveHost = true;
do {
if (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
break;
}
String hostPortPair[] = parseHostPortPair(st.nextToken());
if (!firstSlaveHost) {
slaveHosts.append(",");
} else {
firstSlaveHost = false;
}
if (hostPortPair[0] != null) {
slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[0]);
}
if (hostPortPair[1] != null) {
slaveHosts.append(":");
slaveHosts.append(hostPortPair[1]);
}
} while (true);
/*if (slaveHosts.length() == 0) {
throw SQLError
.createSQLException(
"Must specify at least one slave host to connect to for master/slave replication "
+ "load-balancing functionality",
"01S00");
}*/
masterProps.setProperty("HOST", masterHost.toString());
slavesProps.setProperty("HOST", slaveHosts.toString());
}
return new EasyReplicationConnection(masterProps, slavesProps);
}
注意上面我注释掉的这段代码,如果我们想要ReplicationDriver支持jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.1:3306/xxx,那么就必须把上面那段代码注释掉。
第3步,让我们看看EasyReplicationConnection这个类:
Java代码
public EasyReplicationConnection(Properties masterProperties,  
            Properties slaveProperties) throws SQLException {  
        Driver driver = new Driver();  
          
        StringBuffer masterUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");  
        StringBuffer slaveUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");  
        String masterHost = masterProperties.getProperty("HOST");  
        if (masterHost != null) {  
            masterUrl.append(masterHost);  
        }  
        String slaveHost = slaveProperties.getProperty("HOST");  
        if (slaveHost != null) {  
            slaveUrl.append(slaveHost);  
        }  
        String masterDb = masterProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");  
        masterUrl.append("/");  
        if (masterDb != null) {  
            masterUrl.append(masterDb);  
        }  
        String slaveDb = slaveProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");  
        slaveUrl.append("/");  
        if (slaveDb != null) {  
            slaveUrl.append(slaveDb);  
        }  
          
        //从这里可以看出,笔者前文提出的猜想是正确的,每一个ReplicationDriver其实是两个Connection的代理,这两个  
        //Connection才是真正访问DB的connection。  
        masterConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(masterUrl  
                .toString(), masterProperties);  
          
        if (slaveUrl.toString().contains("///")) {  
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
                logger.debug(" ----- the salveUrl contains the '///', " +  
                        "that means there is no slaver, make slavesConnection = masterConnection --");  
            }  
            slavesConnection = masterConnection;  
        } else {  
            slavesConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(slaveUrl  
                    .toString(), slaveProperties);  
        } 

public EasyReplicationConnection(Properties masterProperties,
Properties slaveProperties) throws SQLException {
Driver driver = new Driver();

StringBuffer masterUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");
StringBuffer slaveUrl = new StringBuffer("jdbc:mysql://");
String masterHost = masterProperties.getProperty("HOST");
if (masterHost != null) {
masterUrl.append(masterHost);
}
String slaveHost = slaveProperties.getProperty("HOST");
if (slaveHost != null) {
slaveUrl.append(slaveHost);
}
String masterDb = masterProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");
masterUrl.append("/");
if (masterDb != null) {
masterUrl.append(masterDb);
}
String slaveDb = slaveProperties.getProperty("DBNAME");
slaveUrl.append("/");
if (slaveDb != null) {
slaveUrl.append(slaveDb);
}

//从这里可以看出,笔者前文提出的猜想是正确的,每一个ReplicationDriver其实是两个Connection的代理,这两个
//Connection才是真正访问DB的connection。
masterConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(masterUrl
.toString(), masterProperties);

if (slaveUrl.toString().contains("///")) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(" ----- the salveUrl contains the '///', " +
"that means there is no slaver, make slavesConnection = masterConnection --");
}
slavesConnection = masterConnection;
} else {
slavesConnection = (com.mysql.jdbc.Connection) driver.connect(slaveUrl
.toString(), slaveProperties);
}
主要就是加了一个判断,一旦路径中出现///,那么就证明没有slave机器,那么就可以把masterConnection赋值给slavesConnection了。这样一来就ok了。

经过3个类的改写之后,终于,我们可以使用ReplicationDriver的功能了,看来看去还是这种方式最美好。

不过由于ahuaxuan的水平所限,可能在以上的方案中有其没有发现的问题,抑或有更好的方案,希望大家不吝赐教。
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